📝 HTML Entities Reference

Every HTML entity you'll actually use — named, decimal, and hex forms side by side. Need to encode or decode a chunk of text? Use our HTML entity encoder/decoder.

Updated October 2026 · covers HTML5 named entity set plus common UTF-8 code points.

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Entity syntax
The 5 reserved characters
Whitespace
Quotes & punctuation
Dashes
Currency
Math & logic
Arrows
Greek letters
Symbols
Accents (Latin extended)

🧬 Entity syntax

Three equivalent ways to encode any character in HTML:

Named: & — human-readable. Requires the character to have a named entity defined.
Decimal numeric: & — works for any Unicode code point.
Hex numeric: & — same as decimal, with hex notation.

All three above render as &. Browsers accept all three; prefer named forms where they exist, numeric forms otherwise.

Semicolons are required in XHTML and XML. Browsers accept most unterminated entities in HTML, but don't rely on it.

⚠️ The 5 reserved characters

These must be entity-encoded when the raw character would otherwise be parsed as markup:

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Why
&	&	&	&	Starts an entity reference
<	<	<	<	Starts a tag
>	>	>	>	Closes a tag
"	"	"	"	Attribute value delimiter
'	'	'	'	Attribute value delimiter (single-quoted)

Context matters: inside an attribute value, you must escape & and the matching quote. Inside text content, &, <, and >. Inside a <script> block, entity encoding doesn't help at all — different escaping rules apply.

🫥 Whitespace

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
				No-break space
	&ensp;			En space (½ em)
	&emsp;			Em space
				Thin space
‌	&zwnj;	‌	‌	Zero-width non-joiner
‍	&zwj;	‍	‍	Zero-width joiner
				Soft hyphen (break hint)

The zero-width entities above are often abused in prompt-injection payloads — see our invisible-unicode attack guide.

“ ” Quotes & punctuation

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
‘	‘	‘	‘	Left single quotation mark
’	’	’	’	Right single quotation mark
“	“	“	“	Left double quotation mark
”	”	”	”	Right double quotation mark
‚	&sbquo;	‚	‚	Low single quote
„	&bdquo;	„	„	Low double quote
«	«	«	«	Left guillemet (French quote)
»	»	»	»	Right guillemet
…	…	…	…	Horizontal ellipsis
′	′	′	′	Prime (feet, minutes)
″	″	″	″	Double prime (inches, seconds)
·	·	·	·	Middle dot
•	•	•	•	Bullet
¿	¿	¿	¿	Inverted question mark
¡	¡	¡	¡	Inverted exclamation

— Dashes

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
-	—	-	-	Hyphen-minus (regular)
–	–	–	–	En dash (ranges: 2026–2027)
—	—	—	—	Em dash (parenthetical — like this)
―	&horbar;	―	―	Horizontal bar
−	−	−	−	Minus sign (math)

💱 Currency

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
$	—	$	$	Dollar sign
¢	¢	¢	¢	Cent
£	£	£	£	British pound
¤	¤	¤	¤	Generic currency sign
¥	¥	¥	¥	Yen / Yuan
€	€	€	€	Euro
₹	₹	₹	₹	Indian rupee
₽	₽	₽	₽	Russian ruble
₿	₿	₿	₿	Bitcoin
™	™	™	™	Trademark
®	®	®	®	Registered trademark
©	©	©	©	Copyright

➗ Math & logic

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
×	×	×	×	Multiplication sign
÷	÷	÷	÷	Division sign
±	±	±	±	Plus-minus
≠	≠	≠	≠	Not equal
≤	≤	≤	≤	Less than or equal
≥	≥	≥	≥	Greater than or equal
≈	≈	≈	≈	Approximately equal
≡	&equiv;	≡	≡	Identical / equivalent
∞	∞	∞	∞	Infinity
∑	∑	∑	∑	Summation
∏	∏	∏	∏	Product
∫	∫	∫	∫	Integral
√	√	√	√	Square root
∂	∂	∂	∂	Partial derivative
∀	∀	∀	∀	For all
∃	∃	∃	∃	There exists
∈	∈	∈	∈	Element of
∉	∉	∉	∉	Not element of
∧	&and;	∧	∧	Logical AND
∨	&or;	∨	∨	Logical OR
¬	¬	¬	¬	Logical NOT
°	°	°	°	Degree sign
‰	&permil;	‰	‰	Per mille
½	½	½	½	½
¼	¼	¼	¼	¼
¾	¾	¾	¾	¾

➡️ Arrows

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
←	←	←	←	Left arrow
↑	↑	↑	↑	Up arrow
→	→	→	→	Right arrow
↓	↓	↓	↓	Down arrow
↔	↔	↔	↔	Horizontal double arrow
⇐	⇐	⇐	⇐	Double left arrow
⇒	⇒	⇒	⇒	Double right arrow (implies)
⇔	⇔	⇔	⇔	Double horizontal (iff)
↩	&larrhk;	↩	↩	Return arrow
↪	&rarrhk;	↪	↪	Forward arrow with hook

Α Greek letters

Named entities exist for every Greek letter in two cases. A representative sample:

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
α	α	α	α	alpha
β	β	β	β	beta
γ	γ	γ	γ	gamma
δ	δ	δ	δ	delta
ε	ε	ε	ε	epsilon
θ	θ	θ	θ	theta
λ	λ	λ	λ	lambda
μ	μ	μ	μ	mu
π	π	π	π	pi
σ	σ	σ	σ	sigma
φ	φ	φ	φ	phi
ω	ω	ω	ω	omega
Α	Α	Α	Α	Alpha (uppercase)
Δ	Δ	Δ	Δ	Delta (uppercase)
Ω	Ω	Ω	Ω	Omega (uppercase)

For a complete Greek list: capitalise or lowercase the letter name — e.g. Π / π.

★ Symbols

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
§	§	§	§	Section sign
¶	¶	¶	¶	Pilcrow (paragraph)
†	&dagger;	†	†	Dagger
‡	&Dagger;	‡	‡	Double dagger
♠	&spades;	♠	♠	Spade
♣	&clubs;	♣	♣	Club
♥	&hearts;	♥	♥	Heart
♦	&diams;	♦	♦	Diamond
★	&starf;	★	★	Black star
☆	&star;	☆	☆	White star
✓	&check;	✓	✓	Check mark
✗	&cross;	✗	✗	Ballot X
♂	&male;	♂	♂	Male sign
♀	&female;	♀	♀	Female sign
∇	∇	∇	∇	Nabla / del
◊	&loz;	◊	◊	Lozenge

é ñ ü — Accented Latin

Char	Named	Decimal	Hex	Name
á	á	á	á	a with acute
à	à	à	à	a with grave
â	â	â	â	a with circumflex
ä	ä	ä	ä	a with diaeresis
ã	ã	ã	ã	a with tilde
å	å	å	å	a with ring (å)
æ	æ	æ	æ	ae ligature
é	é	é	é	e with acute
è	è	è	è	e with grave
ë	ë	ë	ë	e with diaeresis
ï	ï	ï	ï	i with diaeresis
ñ	ñ	ñ	ñ	n with tilde
ó	ó	ó	ó	o with acute
ö	ö	ö	ö	o with diaeresis
ø	ø	ø	ø	o with stroke (ø)
ú	ú	ú	ú	u with acute
ü	ü	ü	ü	u with diaeresis
ç	ç	ç	ç	c with cedilla
ß	ß	ß	ß	German sharp s (ß)

For uppercase, capitalise the first letter — e.g. É → É.

🧰 Related tools

📝 HTML Entity Encoder/Decoder 🔗 URL Encoder 🔐 Base64 🔍 Regex Cheat Sheet 🌐 HTTP Status Codes